The extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonate is especially vulnerable and requires specialized care, even within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Anticipated strategies and resuscitation are the initial steps in caring for these neonates. Intensive care for these neonates includes hemodynamic and cardiovascular support, respiratory support, fluid and electrolyte management, nutritional support, thermoregulation support, and skin care. Nurses caring for ELBW neonates must have knowledge of the current guidelines to provide care in the delivery room and NICU.
Outline:
Section 1: Introduction
About This Course
Learning Objectives
Section 2: Low Birth Weight Neonates
Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Neonates
Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Neonates
Risk Factors for ELBW
Section 3: Delivery Room Care
Prior to Resuscitation
Cord Clamping
Hypothermia Prevention
Respiratory Support
Section 4: Neonatal Intensive Unit Care
Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Support
Nutritional Support
Respiratory Support
Skin Care
Thermoregulation
Section 5: Short-Term Complications
Air Leak Syndromes
Feeding Intolerance
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
Hypotension and Shock
Infections and Sepsis
Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Pain
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Section 6: Long-Term Complications
Cognitive Impairment, Developmental Delays, and Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Chronic Lung Disease
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Emotional and Behavioral Issues
Section 7: Clinical Vignette
Case Study: Baby Boy M.
Section 8: Conclusion
Course Summary
Course Contributors
Resources
References
Kim Maryniak, PhD, MSN, BN, RNC-NIC, NEA-BC has more than 32 years of nursing experience in critical care, professional practice, education, and nursing operations, including experience as a chief nursing officer. She has nursing experience with medical/surgical, psychiatry, pediatrics, progressive care, and adult and neonatal intensive care specialties. Dr. Maryniak graduated with a nursing diploma from Foothills Hospital School of Nursing in Calgary, Alberta, in 1989. She obtained her Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Athabasca University, Alberta, in 2000, her Master of Science in Nursing from the University of Phoenix in 2005, and her PhD in nursing from University of Phoenix in 2018. Dr. Maryniak is certified in neonatal intensive care nursing and as a nurse executive, advanced. She is active in the American Nurses Association and the American Organization of Nurse Leaders. Her current and previous roles include research utilization, nursing peer review and advancement, education, use of simulation, quality, process improvement, leadership and professional development, infection control, patient throughput, nursing operations, professional practice, and curriculum development.Staff Writer: Stephanie M. Smith MS, BSN, RN, CPNDisclosure: Kim Maryniak, PhDc, MSN, RNC-NIC, NEA-BC has no Relevant Financial or Non-Financial Relationship with ineligible companies to disclose.
Stephanie was educated and trained in New York State as a Licensed Practical Nurse where she practiced pediatric hematology/oncology nursing at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo and has over 25 years of clinical nursing experience. She earned her Associate in Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and Master of Science in Nursing with a concentration in Nursing Leadership and Administration from Excelsior College. She is a Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN), Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) certified, and is a former PALS instructor. Her clinical expertise is in acute pediatric medical surgical nursing and case management for children with medical complexity. She most recently worked at Duke Children's Hospital as a Nurse Clinician before coming to Relias.
Disclosure: Stephanie M. Smith MS, BSN, RN, CPN has no Relevant Financial or Non-Financial Relationship with ineligible companies to disclose.
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